Out of the bars, straight to the net: Former PDLs Digital Reintegration

The effects of incarceration on people include the loss of parental rights, a reduction in family income, disruption of family stability, and a detrimental effect on the mental health and well-being of the family.

The use of video and electronic communications on digital communication platforms benefits PDLs and their families. Communication with family members improves PDLs’ chances of finding work and receiving various treatment services following their release by helping them maintain relationships and family ties.

The Philippines has a unique hearsay culture in the community, especially when talking about other people’s lives.

Aey, a former PDL and FRED (Focused Reintegration of Ex-Detainees) beneficiary told she was uncomfortable during her release because of the communities’ attitude toward her Ang iniisip ko ay iniisip nila na may pagka-ex PDL ganyan, parang hindi ko maiwasan na baka may discrimination sa family or sa kapit-bahay ganyan. Di mo maiwasan maisip mo yun eh”.

Lulu, another FRED beneficiary shared the same kasi syempre meron po stigma paglabas dahil galing ka nga dun which is sa akin po nilabanan ko po kasi para sa akin po, kung ano po, ipapakita ko po sa kanila, iba yung nakita nila noon, malaki pagkakaiba nakita nila noon sa ngayon. We cannot please everybody naman po diba. Laban po talaga and manalangin ka na tulungan ka ng Diyos para makapagbagong buhay. Sa actions po naman makikita yun eh kung may may nagbago sayo or wala. Mahirap kasi syempre hindi sila nagsasalita pero alam mo sa sarili mo na may ganun thinking sila, which para sa akin bahala kayo kung ano gusto niyo isipin. Basta ako gagawin ko ang tama sa ngayon hanggang sa kasulukuyan po”.

One of the many difficulties that PDLs face upon release is searching for job opportunities. Compounding this challenge is the growing necessity for digital literacy which has become increasingly important in today’s job market.

Given all these, it is critical to study the role of the Internet on PDL reintegration in terms of job opportunities. Internet access could help PDLs in terms of job searching and skill development, including if these contribute to higher chances of successful reintegration into society. 

Lulu told “Tindera po ako. Nagtitinda po ako siomai, siopao, french fries, hotdog, yan po. Ngayon po di po kasi ako nagtinda kasi may activity po. Women’s Month po ngayon ma’am, may gagawin po kaming activity mamaya sa barangay, yun po di po ako nagtinda ngayong araw na ‘to. Saka po nagchat po sakin si Sir Wendell na may interview. Mamaya pang 4pm meron po kaming activity sa barangay kaya ngayong araw di ako nagtinda, pero tindera po ako. Dati pa po yung mga tinuruan po, gumagawa din po ng empanada, yung turo samin dati, paminsan-minsan. Tas yung mga palaman gumagawa din po ako, sardinas, ganyan po. Lahat po yun ma’am ginagawa ko rin para kahit papano onting kita malaking bagay ‘yon sa amin ma’am, pambigas, pang-ulam”.

Aey said ” Sa ngayon po dahil nag face-to-face na yung mga estudyante, nagpirme nalang po ako sa bahay dun sa online food business saka sa sari-sari store. Pero before po mga January, kakaresign ko lang sa call center, bumalik po kasi ako sa call center mga 3 months after kong lumaya. Tapos dahil po face-to-face na, kailangan tutukan na yung anak ko, nagdecide po ako na manatili nalang sa bahay, magfocus nalang dun sa tindahan”.

Janessa Xylene Macaraig Communications and Advocacy Associate
Janessa Xylene Macaraig Communications and Advocacy Associate

Janessa Xylene Macaraig | Communications and Advocacy Associate

Janessa Xylene Macaraig is a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Development Communication from Batangas State University – The National Engineering University, where she earned the distinction of Cum Laude.

Throughout her academic journey, she has been an active student leader, sharpening her skills in leadership, public speaking, and strategic communication. Her involvement in organizing and spearheading impactful initiatives reflects her strong commitment to driving positive change within communities.

Janessa currently serves as the Sangguniang Kabataan Secretary in her barangay, where she plays a key role in community engagement, youth empowerment, and stakeholder communications. This position has further strengthened her capabilities in local governance and grassroots mobilization.

She also completed her internship as a Communications and Advocacy Intern at the Humanitarian Legal Assistance Foundation (HLAF). This experience deepened her understanding of strategic communication and social advocacy, equipping her with the tools to support human rights initiatives.

Janessa is passionate about using the power of communication to inspire, inform, and create meaningful impact—whether through community work, advocacy, or development programs.

Jonathan Bantayan | Community Development Officer

Jonathan Agustin Batayan is a Bachelor of Science in Social Work graduate at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela (PLV), where he has been a consistent Dean’s Lister and active student leader. He currently serves as the Treasurer of the PLV–Junior Social Workers Association of the Philippines (2023–2024) and has experience as a community organizer in Sitio Cabatuan, Valenzuela City, and as a tutor under the DSWD Tara Basa! Program.

Jonathan has attended numerous seminars and workshops on child protection, gender and development, community extension, parole and probation social work, and sustainable livelihoods, reflecting his commitment to inclusive and rights-based social services. His academic achievements include graduating with honors in both junior and senior high school and earning recognition in creative writing and essay competitions.

Passionate about leadership, community development, and advocacy, Jonathan continues to hone his skills in critical thinking, social welfare practice, and communication. He envisions himself contributing to the advancement of social work in the Philippines, with a strong focus on safeguarding vulnerable groups and empowering communities.

Carmelita Torrefiel | Senior Community Organizer

Carmelita B. Torrefiel is the Senior Community Organizer for the Center for Restorative Action of the Humanitarian Legal Assistance Foundation, Inc. (HLAF), where she has also served as a Community Organizer and Training Facilitator since 2011. With over two decades of experience in community work, child protection, and restorative justice, she has dedicated her career to advancing the rights and welfare of children and women.

She previously served as the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Focal Person and Violence Against Women and their Children (VAWC) Desk Officer in Barangay Bagbag, Quezon City, as well as a Project Officer at SAKLAW Foundation, Inc., and a Finance and Documentation Officer at Pax Christi Pastoral Center in Oriental Mindoro. Her extensive experience in grassroots and program management has strengthened local governance mechanisms, including Barangay Councils for the Protection of Children, and anti-VAWC initiatives.

Ms. Torrefiel has been invited as a resource speaker and facilitator by provincial governments, NGOs, academic institutions, and community organizations across the country, particularly on child protection laws, restorative justice, community organizing, and gender-based violence prevention. Her dedication has earned her multiple awards and citations, including the Service Merit Award (Gawad Lasalyano) from De La Salle University’s Center for Social Concern and Action (COSCA) in 2023.

She holds a BS Psychology degree from Arellano University under the Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP) and has pursued numerous professional trainings in leadership, social work, and community development.
Passionate about community organizing, public speaking, and advocacy, Carmelita continues to serve as a strong voice for restorative justice and the protection of vulnerable sectors in society.

Carmela Reyes | Program Officer

Carmela serves as Program Officer at the Humanitarian Legal Assistance Foundation, Inc. – Center for Restorative Action Program, where she provides technical assistance and develops policy recommendations for psychosocial programs benefiting vulnerable communities.

She has extensive experience in social work practice through her internships at the Quezon City Social Services Development Department, where she worked with children in conflict with the law, as well as with persons with disabilities in community organizing and capacity-building initiatives.

Juanito Vinluan Jr. | Program Officer

Juanito S. Vinluan Jr. is a licensed social worker and Program Officer for the Jail Decongestion Program of the Humanitarian Legal Assistance Foundation, Inc. (HLAF). He earned his Bachelor of Science in Social Work from the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (2003) and became a registered social worker in 2005. He later pursued law studies at the Philippine College of Criminology – Manila Law College, where he attained his Juris Doctor degree in 2012.

With more than a decade of experience in social work, paralegal assistance, and program management, Juanito has contributed to HLAF’s initiatives such as the Focused Reintegration of Ex-Detainees (FRED) Program and Jail Decongestion (JD) Program, the implementation of the Detainees’ Notebook, and the development of paralegal handbooks in partnership with various institutions. He has also served as a co-facilitator and mentor for law internship and clinical legal education programs in partnership with Ateneo, San Beda, UST, and other law schools nationwide.

Before his work in HLAF, he served as a Medical Social Welfare Officer at East Avenue Medical Center for six years, and gained private sector experience with UNILAB and other pharmaceutical companies.

Married and a father of four, Juanito balances his professional role with his commitment to family life, faith, and service. His career reflects his dedication to social justice, access to legal aid, and the welfare of persons deprived of liberty.

Rubelin Rivera | Finance and Administrative Assistant

Rubelin L. Rivera is a young professional with a background in Business Administration, majoring in Marketing at the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology. With experience as a cashier, human resources assistant, and office clerk in both government and private institutions, she has developed strong skills in communication, adaptability, and time management.

She has served as a Logistics/Office Clerk at GreatHope General Services Inc., and continues to build her career in administrative and organizational support while aspiring to further expand her knowledge and professional growth.

Sharmaine Jintalan | Finance, Administrative, and Personnel Officer

Sharmaine P. Jintalan is a dedicated and detail-oriented professional with extensive experience in finance, administration, inventory management, and IT support. She holds a degree in Information Technology from Speed Computer College, where she was a consistent Dean’s Lister, and is currently pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Accountancy to further enhance her expertise in the field.

With a solid background in accounting, warehouse coordination, and office management, Sharmaine has successfully contributed to the operational and financial efficiency of various organizations, including the Humanitarian Legal Assistance Foundation and HMR Trading Haus Philippines. She is proficient in QuickBooks, Microsoft Office Suite, and various inventory and documentation systems.

Her experience spans financial reporting, payroll processing, inventory control, and technical support, reflecting her versatility and reliability in both office and field settings. Sharmaine also holds certifications in Computer Hardware Servicing (NCII) and has completed numerous workshops in accounting, taxation, and BIR compliance. Committed to continuous learning and professional growth, Sharmaine brings a strong work ethic, accuracy, and a proactive mindset to every role she takes on.

Ma. Cristina Belardo | Legal and Policy Director

Ma. Cristina S. Belardo is a dedicated lawyer with a strong background in human rights, litigation, legal policy, and academia. She assists in the development and implementation of strategic plans, provides leadership and support to staff, and ensures alignment with the organization’s mission. In this capacity, she develops and implements comprehensive legal policies, conducts research and advocacy, and engages in participatory governance for policy development.

She actively participates in Technical Working Groups, contributing to policy development and analysis on issues concerning Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs), Persons Released on Recognizance (PRLs), Children-at-Risk, and Children in Conflict with the Law. She also serves as a lecturer for paralegal training, focusing on laws affecting PDLs, women, and children.

In academia, Atty. Belardo is a part-time lecturer at Forbes College, teaching Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, and Evidence. She develops and updates course syllabi and learning materials in alignment with academic standards, contributing to the formation of future criminology and law professionals.

Her corporate legal experience includes serving as Assistant Corporate Secretary for Forbes College, Inc. and Forbes Academy, Inc., where she ensures compliance with SEC requirements, manages corporate records, and prepares legal documents. She also held the position of Compliance Officer, where she developed institutional policies, investigated compliance complaints, mediated disputes, and supported accreditation reviews to uphold ethical and legal standards.

Melvin Nunez | Strategic Social Behavior Change Communications and Advocacy Officer

Melvin leads the Strategic Communications and Social Behavior Change team of HLAF.

Melvin is trained and has expertise in Social Behavioral Change Communication, Development Communication, Journalism, Community Organizing, Community Development, Storytelling, Monitoring, Evaluation, and Networking.

He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Development Communication from Batangas State University and is currently pursuing his Master of Arts in Communication at the Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication (on-going thesis).

He has been involved in international and local human rights certifications from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime & Dangerous Drugs Board, Philippine Press Institute, Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication, UNESCO Jakarta, the Embassy of Netherlands, Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Ateneo de Manila University, University of the Philippines, and the Commission on Human Rights.

He was a consultant to various local government and non-governmental organizations, including Caritas Manila, Plan International, the Local Council for the Protection of Children Consortium, the Department of the Interior and Local Government, the Commission on Human Rights, the Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Batangas State University, and the Philippine Press Institute, among others.

As the Social Behavioral Change Communication and Advocacy Officer, Melvin has played a crucial role in crafting impactful communication strategies that inspire positive change and amplify advocacy efforts. His work involves designing and implementing communication campaigns that promote driving social behavioral transformation.